五月份同等學(xué)力在職研究生,專業(yè)選擇范圍比較廣泛。一般情況下,只要是統(tǒng)招的研究生的專業(yè),基本都可以開(kāi)設(shè)同等學(xué)力在職研究生課程進(jìn)修班。先讀后考,以同等學(xué)力申請(qǐng)碩士學(xué)位,是國(guó)家為同等學(xué)力人員開(kāi)辟的獲得碩士學(xué)位的一種途徑。同等學(xué)力申碩考試主要考英語(yǔ)和專業(yè)課綜合,同等學(xué)力申碩在職研究生英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧如下:
一、同等學(xué)力英譯漢評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
大綱要求:
1) 能在不借助詞典的情況下,把一般性題材的文章及科普文章中的段落從英語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ),能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)原文的意思,語(yǔ)句通順,用詞基本正確、無(wú)重大語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。
2) 本部分要求考生把一段 100詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文翻譯成漢語(yǔ),共 10 分,考試時(shí)間為 20分鐘。要求譯文意思準(zhǔn)確,文字通順。
從測(cè)試要求來(lái)看,考生應(yīng)能理解原文,同時(shí)譯文正確,文字通順,語(yǔ)句符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣來(lái)評(píng)分
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定:
1、譯文正確,文字通順,可給滿分。
2、漢語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)別字,按整篇累計(jì)扣分,每4個(gè)錯(cuò)別字扣1分。
3、語(yǔ)句不符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣、語(yǔ)序錯(cuò)誤、用詞不當(dāng)或漏譯使句意含糊不清,酌情扣分。
4、理解完全錯(cuò)誤或譯文混亂不成句,不給分。
5、如同一句出現(xiàn)兩種或兩種以上正確譯法可給分;其中一種譯法錯(cuò)誤,酌情扣分。
考生常常丟分的原因:
A、對(duì)原文理解不夠?忌捎跁r(shí)間緊張,看到句子便草率翻譯,對(duì)原文的主要框架結(jié)構(gòu),互相指代關(guān)系理解不夠準(zhǔn)確,這樣以來(lái)翻譯的準(zhǔn)確度就有問(wèn)題了。
B:考生不懂得英漢句式結(jié)構(gòu)的差異,對(duì)翻譯技巧方法更是知之甚少,因此在考試中甩不開(kāi)原文的句式結(jié)構(gòu),不敢進(jìn)行必要的語(yǔ)序調(diào)整,句序、語(yǔ)序轉(zhuǎn)換,不敢進(jìn)行詞類轉(zhuǎn)換,不會(huì)用增詞法、減詞法之類的基本翻譯處理方法。
C、中文表達(dá)能力有限,不能將對(duì)原文的理解了的東西隨心所欲地用漢語(yǔ)清楚地表達(dá)出來(lái),甚至還出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)別字現(xiàn)象。
綜上所述,翻譯考試要想立足于不敗之地,就必須克服上述三大問(wèn)題,關(guān)鍵有兩點(diǎn):
正確理解英文原文是確保翻譯無(wú)誤地前提,而通順清楚地表達(dá)則是獲得高分地保證!
二、翻譯的過(guò)程和核心解題策略
(一)翻譯的基本過(guò)程
1.分析理解階段—先通讀整段文字,透徹地理解原文—判斷句子的類型,分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu),各成分之間的關(guān)系—正確理解句中的關(guān)鍵詞和詞組。
By allowing limited hunting, good management can control certain species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat.(2006)
表達(dá)階段—準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)原文意思并符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)。
Globalization is not just about increasing the worldwide circulation of information and ideas.(2005)
校對(duì)譯文階段
1)檢查漢語(yǔ)譯文的詞與句有無(wú)錯(cuò)漏;
2)檢查譯文和原文在內(nèi)容讓是否一致;
3)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),有無(wú)錯(cuò)別字。
(二)翻譯解題的核心策略—拆分與組合
一、理解英語(yǔ)原文,拆分語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)
基本原則:把主句和從句拆分出來(lái),把主干部分和修飾部分拆分出來(lái)。
拆分“信號(hào)詞”
① 連詞:如and, or, but, yet, for, neither…nor, both…and…, either…or等并列連詞連接著并列句;還有連接狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞,如:when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, thought, although, so that, ......等等;它們就成了理解英語(yǔ)句子的拆分點(diǎn)。
② 關(guān)系詞:如連接名詞性從句的who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever等關(guān)系代詞和when, where, how, why等關(guān)系副詞;還有連接定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞,如who, which, that, whom, whose等等;它們也是理解英語(yǔ)句子的拆分點(diǎn)。
、 介詞:如on, in, with, at, of, to, for, from, under, among等介詞常常引導(dǎo)介詞短語(yǔ)作修飾語(yǔ),所以它們也是理解英語(yǔ)句子的拆分點(diǎn)。
④ 不定式符號(hào)to:不定式常常構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)或者狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ),所以也可以是拆分點(diǎn)。
、 分詞:過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞可以構(gòu)成分詞短語(yǔ)作修飾語(yǔ),所以可以是拆分點(diǎn)。
、 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào):標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)常常斷開(kāi)句子的主干和修飾部分,也是一個(gè)明顯的拆分點(diǎn)。
例如:
、貯nother kind of distinction that can be made among works of art is whether they were intended as objects to be looked at or to be used. (2004)
、 In terms of culture, globalization itself is neither positive nor negative: it may be either of them depending on our viewpoint. (2005)
③The standardized educational or psychological test that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress.(2007)
二、改變?cè)捻樞,組合漢語(yǔ)譯文
、 The fine arts, such as painting and sculpture, involve the production of works to be seen and experienced on an abstract level. (2004)
、 But they have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. (2007)
三、如何得到翻譯的基本分
三個(gè)優(yōu)先: 1. 短句優(yōu)先 2. 介詞優(yōu)先 3. 順序優(yōu)先
1、短句優(yōu)先就是漢語(yǔ)短句優(yōu)先
就是把你有限的英語(yǔ)單詞轉(zhuǎn)變成為漢語(yǔ)之后來(lái)造句。造漢語(yǔ)短句。越精短越好。
China, in fact, has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respects.
She wrote, to be exact, ten novels in her lifetime.
He was luckier, however, because he was only slightly wounded.
2、介詞優(yōu)先—考的最多的是介詞,而考的最多的介詞又是in, 其次是of , with...
介詞優(yōu)先就是先翻譯介詞后面的,再把它放到介詞前面的那個(gè)詞前面去。
of 的翻譯 a of b of c 即c的b的a
in的翻譯 1. 在......中(里面) 2. 以(用)一種方式
with的用法 1. 隨著......,2. 用......,3. 帶有、具有,4. 用......, 5. 和......、與......
、貾rogress in communication and transport technologies during the 20th century has enabled us to overcome geographical boundaries and revolutionize our way of living. (2006)
、 Those who love the fine arts feel that these responses are very valuable, for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself. (2004)
3、順序優(yōu)先原則
先不考慮改變順序,按照英語(yǔ)的順序翻譯。如果說(shuō)不通時(shí)再考慮用漢語(yǔ)的順序。
The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. (2007)
真題演練
Being unhappy is like an infectious disease. It causes people to shrink away from the sufferer. He soon finds himself alone and miserable. There is, however, a cure so simple as to seem, at first glance, ridiculous: if you don’t feel happy, pretend to be!
It works. Before long you will find that instead of pushing people away, you attract them. You discover how deeply rewarding it is to be the center of wider and wider circles of good will.
Then the make-believe becomes a reality. Being happy, once it is realized as a duty and established as a habit, opens doors into unimaginable gardens filled with grateful friends. (2013)